Formare profesional\u0103 este reprezentat\u0103 de \u00eentregul complex ce promoveaz\u0103 achizi\u0163ionarea \u015fi dezvoltarea cuno\u015ftin\u0163elor \u015fi competen\u0163elor cu scopul de a oferi o calificare certificat\u0103. \u00cen Portugalia, formarea profesional\u0103 este \u00eenscris\u0103 \u00eentr-un sistem educativ na\u0163ional, tutelat de Ministerul Educa\u0163iei, aduc\u00e2nd \u00een prim plan m\u0103suri de dezvoltare a ocup\u0103rii for\u0163ei de munc\u0103 aflate sub tutela Ministerului Solidarit\u0103\u0163ii, For\u0163ei de munc\u0103 \u015fi Siguran\u0163ei Sociale.<\/p>\n
\u00cenv\u0103\u0163\u0103m\u00e2ntul secundar portughez are durata de trei ani, fiind\u00a0 format din dou\u0103 componente:<\/p>\n
i) cursuri cu caracter general, orientate c\u0103tre accesul la \u00eenv\u0103\u0163\u0103m\u00e2ntul superior;<\/p>\n
ii) cursuri tehnologice orientate pentru preg\u0103tirea elevului pentru a se integra \u00eentr-o via\u0163\u0103 activ\u0103, permi\u0163\u00e2ndu-i acestuia ob\u0163inerea unei calific\u0103ri profesionale (nivel III).<\/p>\n
Sistemul de formare profesional, \u00eencadrat din punct de vedere legal \u00een Legea de Baz\u0103 a Sistemului Educa\u0163ional, prezint\u0103 dou\u0103 puncte de plecare diferite: unul de teorie \u015fi altul de aplicare a teoriei \u00een cadrul pie\u0163ei for\u0163ei de munc\u0103, disting\u00e2ndu-se \u00een func\u0163ie de finalitate, tipologia ofertei, public-\u0163int\u0103, nivel de formare prioritar\u0103, evaluare pedagogic\u0103 \u015fi certificare. La nivelul form\u0103rii pe pia\u0163a for\u0163ei de munc\u0103, un mare num\u0103r de entit\u0103\u0163i, de statut public sau privat, \u00ee\u015fi asum\u0103 responsabilitatea \u00een ceea ce prive\u015fte executarea, fiind cofinan\u0163at\u0103 de diverse programe de sprijin.<\/p>\n
Dezvoltarea form\u0103rii profesionale ini\u0163iale \u00eencadrat\u0103 \u00eentr-un sistem educa\u0163ional, \u015fi mai ales cea realiza\u0163\u0103 \u00een cadrul \u00eenv\u0103\u0163\u0103m\u00e2ntului secundar, cuprinde cursurile desf\u0103\u015furate \u00een cadrul institu\u0163iilor de \u00eenv\u0103\u0163\u0103m\u00e2nt secundar, \u00een special cursurile tehnologice, cursurile \u015fcolilor profesionale, cursurile de educa\u0163ie-formare \u015fi cursurile din \u00eenv\u0103\u0163\u0103m\u00e2ntul curent. Pe de alt\u0103 parte, cursurile ce au loc \u00een \u015fcoli profesionale constituie o modalitate special\u0103 de educare \u015fcolar\u0103 alternativ\u0103 fa\u0163\u0103 de sistemul obi\u015fnuit. \u015ecolile profesionale, asum\u0103 cu prioritate oferta \u00eenv\u0103\u0163\u0103m\u00e2ntului profesional orientat c\u0103tre necesit\u0103\u0163ile locale \u015fi regionale. Aceste cursuri, \u00een afar\u0103 de a oferi cerificate de competen\u0163\u0103 \u015fi calificare profesional\u0103, ofer\u0103 \u00een plus accesul la \u00eenv\u0103\u0163\u0103m\u00e2ntul superior. Aceste planuri de studiu asum\u0103 trei componente diferite: formare socio-cultural\u0103, formare \u015ftiin\u0163ific\u0103 \u015fi formare tehnologic\u0103.<\/p>\n
La nivelul form\u0103rii profesionale introdus\u0103 \u00een pia\u0163a for\u0163ei de munc\u0103 de c\u0103tre Institutul For\u0163ei de Munc\u0103 \u015fi Formare Porfesional\u0103, sub tutela Ministerului Solidarit\u0103\u0163ii, For\u0163ei de Munc\u0103 \u015fi Siguran\u0163ei Sociale (IEFP), este asumat\u0103 o ac\u0163iune special\u0103 de gestiune. \u00a0IEFP este entitatea public\u0103 ce are competen\u0163a de a pune \u00een aplicare\u00a0 politicile de angajare \u015fi formare profesional\u0103 definite de Guvern, av\u00e2nd ca principal obiectiv s\u0103 stabilizeze pia\u0163a for\u0163ei de munc\u0103 prin intermediul unor\u00a0 interven\u0163ii, precum informarea \u015fi orientarea profesional\u0103, repartizarea candida\u0163ilor la locuri de munc\u0103 \u015fi formare profesional\u0103, dirij\u00e2nd ac\u0163iunile c\u0103tre adul\u0163ii\u00a0 f\u0103r\u0103 un loc de munc\u0103\u00a0 \u015fi\/sau tineri \u00een c\u0103utare de locuri de munc\u0103. Formarea profesional\u0103 realizat\u0103 de IEFP reprezint\u0103 un model de ac\u0163iune intensiv \u015fi apropiat de\u00a0 condi\u0163iile reale de lucru. De asemenea, IEFP posed\u0103 o serie de Centre de Gestiune Participat\u0103, construite \u00een totalitate prin intermediul acordurilor\u00a0 cu diverse\u00a0 asocia\u0163ii sau sindicate, iar acestea au ca principal\u0103 finalitate promovarea de activit\u0103\u0163i formative orientate c\u0103tre un sector determinat, cuprinz\u00e2nd diverse domenii precum: comer\u0163, ceramic\u0103, construc\u0163ii civile, metalurgie, metalomecanic\u0103, jurnalism, repara\u0163ii automobile, calitate, \u00eenc\u0103l\u0163\u0103minte, lemn \u015fi imobile, sectorul alimentar, textile, hidroterapie, plut\u0103, bijuterii, electronice, turn\u0103torie, servicii, pescuit \u015fi meserii \u015fi artizanat.<\/p>\n
Sistemele de formare alternative constituie un program dirijat c\u0103tre formarea profesional\u0103 a tinerilor care, termin\u00e2nd clasa a 6-a sau a 9-a \u015fi urm\u00e2nd drumul c\u0103tre o formare profesional\u0103, achizi\u0163ioneaz\u0103 astfel o certificare, cu valoare profesional\u0103 \u015fi \u015fcolar\u0103. Aceste programe de \u00eenv\u0103\u0163are sunt promovate de c\u0103tre structurile formative din IEFP \u015fi entit\u0103\u0163ile externe, av\u00e2nd Centre de Angajare cu responsabilitate de organizare \u015fi formare.\u00a0 Aceste programe, cu o durat\u0103 normal\u0103 de trei ani, se bazeaz\u0103 pe alternan\u0163a dintre un centru de formare (unde exist\u0103 componente de formare socio-cultural\u0103, \u015ftiin\u0163ifico-tehnologic\u0103 \u015fi practic\u0103 simulat\u0103) \u015fi o companie (\u00een cazul \u00een care exist\u0103 instruire practic\u0103 la locul de munc\u0103). Prezen\u0163a \u00een companii este \u00eencheiat\u0103 printr-un contract de formare specific, \u00eencheiat \u00eentre formator \u015fi compania gazd\u0103. \u00cenv\u0103\u0163area conduce la atribuirea de certificate de aptitudini profesionale (nivel II sau nivel III) sau la o diplom\u0103 de echivalare \u015fcolar\u0103 de 9 sau 12 ani de \u015fcoal\u0103. Sub tutela IEFP, ministerul \u00eentotdeauna recunoa\u015fte rolul companiilor ca spa\u0163iu privilegiat de formare \u00een cadrul c\u0103ruia se desf\u0103\u015foar\u0103, \u00eentr-un context real de munc\u0103, o parte foarte important\u0103 a procesului de \u00eenv\u0103\u0163are. Formarea alternativ\u0103 se caracterizeaz\u0103 printr-o puternic\u0103 interac\u0163iune \u00eentre componentele de formare teoretic\u0103 \u015fi de formare practic\u0103 incluz\u00e2nd, obligatoriu, o formare \u00een cadrul unui context real de munc\u0103, distribuit\u0103 progresiv, de-a lungul \u00eentregului proces formativ, acesta reprezent\u00e2nd un sistem work-based-learning<\/em>, unde \u00eenv\u0103\u0163area con\u0163inuturilor \u015fi competen\u0163elor teoretice \u015fi practice se desf\u0103\u015foar\u0103 \u00een contextul real de munc\u0103.<\/p>\n Formarea \u00een contextul unui loc de munc\u0103<\/em><\/p>\n \u00a0Formarea practic\u0103 \u00een contextul unui loc de munc\u0103 are la baz\u0103 o serie de ipoteze:<\/p>\n i)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Companiile sunt spa\u0163ii de achizi\u0163ionare de competen\u0163e \u00een domeniul tehnologic, organiza\u0163ional \u015fi rela\u0163ional, capabile s\u0103 genereze o dinamic\u0103 pozitiv\u0103 cu un context de formare;<\/p>\n ii)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Valoarea contextului de \u00eenv\u0103\u0163are poate fi \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u0163it\u0103 atunci c\u00e2nd este rela\u0163ionat\u0103 cu natura cuno\u015ftin\u0163elor \u015ftiin\u0163ifice \u015fi tehnologice dezvoltate \u00een cadrul unui context de formare profesional\u0103;<\/p>\n iii)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0Formarea \u00een contextul unui loc de munc\u0103 devine realitate datorit\u0103 experiment\u0103rii aproximative a unei situa\u0163ii reale de lucru, \u00een timp ce contextul de formare doar\u00a0 siumleaz\u0103 cadrul concret de munc\u0103;<\/p>\n iv)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Companiile sunt entit\u0103\u0163i poten\u0163ial-angajatoare ale viitorilor elevi califica\u0163i.<\/p>\n Aceste ac\u0163iuni desf\u0103\u015furate \u00een cadrul companiilor au ca obiectiv s\u0103 ofere stagiarilor:<\/p>\n i)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Un contact mai \u00eendelungat cu surse de tehnologie \u015fi tehnici;<\/p>\n ii)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Dob\u00e2ndirea de cuno\u0219tin\u021be \u0219i abilit\u0103\u021bi inerente \u00eentr-o calificare profesional\u0103 dat\u0103;<\/p>\n iii)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Oportunitatea de a aplica cuno\u015ftin\u0163ele \u015fi competen\u0163ele dob\u00e2ndite \u00eentr-un context\u00a0 de formare unor activit\u0103\u0163i concrete \u00een cadrul unui context real de munc\u0103;<\/p>\n iv)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Dezvoltarea de deprinderi de munc\u0103 \u015fi sim\u0163 al responsabilit\u0103\u0163ii profesionale;<\/p>\n v)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Experien\u0163ele inerente rela\u0163iilor interumane la locul de munc\u0103 \u015fi spiritul de lucru \u00een echip\u0103;<\/p>\n vi)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Cuno\u015ftin\u0163e de organizare managerial\u0103;<\/p>\n Formarea profesional\u0103 \u00een cadrul unui context de munc\u0103 poate fi de dou\u0103 tipuri:<\/p>\n i)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Se poate realiza \u00eentr-un cadru de alternare, put\u00e2nd s\u0103 se concretizeze la finalul fiec\u0103rei perioade de formare sau poate fi repartizat\u0103 \u00een mici blocuri pe parcursul fiec\u0103rei perioade de formare;<\/p>\n Se poate realiza \u00eentr-un anumit moment ce coincide cu finalul perioadei de formare.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Formare profesional\u0103 este reprezentat\u0103 de \u00eentregul complex ce promoveaz\u0103 achizi\u0163ionarea \u015fi dezvoltarea cuno\u015ftin\u0163elor \u015fi competen\u0163elor cu scopul de a oferi o calificare certificat\u0103. \u00cen Portugalia, formarea profesional\u0103 este \u00eenscris\u0103 \u00eentr-un sistem educativ na\u0163ional, tutelat de Ministerul Educa\u0163iei, aduc\u00e2nd \u00een prim plan m\u0103suri de dezvoltare a ocup\u0103rii for\u0163ei de munc\u0103 aflate sub tutela Ministerului Solidarit\u0103\u0163ii, For\u0163ei […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[41],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/travail.mpe.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1145"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/travail.mpe.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/travail.mpe.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travail.mpe.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travail.mpe.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1145"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/travail.mpe.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1145\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1155,"href":"https:\/\/travail.mpe.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1145\/revisions\/1155"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/travail.mpe.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1145"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travail.mpe.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1145"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travail.mpe.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1145"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}